XOSPATA

• Key points  

Favourable opinion for reimbursement in the treatment of adult patients who have relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with a FLT3 mutation.  

• What therapeutic improvement? 

Improvement in the therapeutic strategy.  

• Role in the care pathway? 

According to the recommendations, the objectives of treatment in patients with AML are, firstly, to obtain complete remission enabling recovery of bone marrow function and, secondly, to limit the risk of and time to relapse, generally associated with a poor prognosis. The type of treatment is based on eligibility for intensive chemotherapy and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Management is therefore determined by weighing up the objectives and risks, which depend on the characteristics of the patient (general condition, age, comorbidities), the disease (genetic risk group, treatment line) and the availability of an HSCT donor. 

In patients with relapsed or refractory AML (from the second line of treatment), the therapeutic strategy depends on the time to relapse and the characteristics relative to the patient, the disease and the possibility of performing allogeneic HSCT. The options are based on intensive salvage chemotherapy with cytarabine combined with anthracycline in patients eligible for intensive chemotherapy, or with azacitidine (VIDAZA), low-dose cytarabine or supportive care for patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. In the event of complete remission, allogeneic HSCT may be envisaged.  

Role of the medicinal product in the care pathway 

Given the demonstrated superiority in terms of overall survival of a therapeutic strategy including oral XOSPATA (gilteritinib) as monotherapy compared to a therapeutic strategy based on salvage chemotherapy, XOSPATA (gilteritinib) is a first-line treatment to be used in patients who have relapsed or refractory AML with a FLT3 mutation.  

The Committee nonetheless highlights the fact that there are insufficient data in patients in third or later-line therapy and that the data are limited in patients with a FLT3-TKD mutation, in patients with an ECOG score > 1 and in patients treated with a FLT3 inhibitor as first-line therapy. In addition, it is not possible to assess the specific utility of post-transplant maintenance treatment with XOSPATA (gilteritinib). 

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